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The Scientific Revolution and the four waves against religion (Part 4 / 4) Men and

We have now reached the last part of the series The Scientific Revolution and the four waves against religion, which is showing as the gradual development of scientific knowledge, from the Renaissance, helped combat superstition of religious explanations for the phenomena of the world. Until now show how thinkers Baruch Spinoza, Nicolaus Copernicus and Charles Darwin shook the structures of the Church with their revolutionary work in their respective areas of History, Astronomy and Biology. Now is the time of Psychology, the latest wave in the bursting strong anti-religious in the late nineteenth century.

Medicine is a very ancient practice among us. There are many people traditionally recognized for their skills in the treatment of certain physical problems, including minor surgical procedures - the case of Egyptians, Jews and Arabs, for example, which has long practiced the art of healing. But curiously, there never was an interest - or a greater ability - to understand the workings of the most complex region of the human body - the brain - without associating it with some mystical supernatural power.

Ancient Medicine Egípicia

Regarding problems with the brain and mind, we can identify some attitudes in people's past, like the Romans, for example. While children with mental illness (or physical) were consistently rejected by their parents and the state, a degree of ecstasy and hysteria was admitted, since it was related to the ritual performances that honored pagan gods such as Bacus, for example.

With the advent of Christianity, the Middle Ages to see a major change in these paradigms. It was no longer allowed any manifestation public hysteria or trance in honor of the gods, and were diagnosed as individual possessions, as well as any behavior outside the standards. In 1614 there is the ecclesiastic work Rituale Romanum containing exorcism rituals to ward off demons and spirits alleged that disturb people. The practice of exorcism has become commonplace and the firm entered the twentieth century. Even today there are priests that advocate and practice it. But if these medieval practices have been discredited today, owes much to a new scientific approach of human mental and behavioral problems that arose in the late nineteenth century: a Psychology.

One of the greatest exponents of this new discipline, Sigmund Freud (pictured left), founded a field of theoretical research and clinical psychology, psychoanalysis call. Viennese physician, was born in Freiberg, Moravia (or Pribor, Czech Republic) on May 6, 1856. Through their work, behavior problems that were observed by the Church's spiritual perspective, now treated as part of the unconscious, the mental. The new explanations Freud revolutionized our understanding of human behavior. Tables of mental disorders that were previously unknown to the clergy, and therefore treated as susceptible to demonic possession exorcism, were now diagnosed as psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, schizophrenia, etc.. The church, which for centuries exorcised and eliminated thousands of people unnecessarily supposedly possessed, which were used to feed the fear and religious fantasy, once again was forced to give way to science, and now no longer practices exorcism advocates as before . But it still was not all. This was not enough blow to the religious obscurantism, even in 1928 Freud writes " The Future of an Illusion ," a work in combating the dogmas of religion as the cause of obsessional neurosis of humanity. In excerpt of his work, he says:

[...] the human child can not successfully complete its development to the civilized stage without passing through a phase of neurosis sometimes more distinct, others less. This is because many instinctual demands which will later be useless can not be repressed by the rational functioning of the intellect of the child, but must be tamed through acts of repression, behind which, as a rule, if think the reason for anxiety. [...] exactly the same way, we can assume, humanity as a whole, its development through the ages, fell into states analogous to the neuroses, and that the same reasons - mainly because in times of ignorance and intellectual weakness the instinctual renunciations indispensable to the existence of communal man had only been achieved by the human forces of purely emotional. [...] Thus, religion would be the universal obsessional neurosis of humanity, like the obsessional neurosis of children, she emerged from the Oedipus complex, relationship with his father. To be correct on this definition, the removal of religion is bound to occur with the fatal inevitability of a growth process, and we are exactly at this juncture in the middle of this phase of development

Religion would thus be a similar stage of childhood and we would be in the middle of transition from the stage of human ignorance and naivete, and an era of greater knowledge. Thus, Freud joins other great thinkers who fought the religion and took him much of the power based on obscurantism. Psychology is thus the fourth and final wave, which helped counter the absolute superstition of the Church, which for centuries on end dictated the rules of our society.

1. The Scientific Revolution and the four waves against religion (history)
2. The Scientific Revolution and the four waves against religion (the Astronomy)
3. The Scientific Revolution and the four waves against religion (Biology)
4. The Scientific Revolution and the four waves against religion (Psychology)

Sources:

http://www.psicologaonline.com.br/artigos-cientificos/psicologia-e-religiao-o-papel-da-religiao-na-vida-psiquica-dos-individuos/

http://www.filosofiaesoterica.com/ler.php?id=818

http://www.cepdepa.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id = 12

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° A little about journalism

Gentile Hi! How are you? Sabrina Sato Moment. Today is the theme of the post Journalism, who saw my profile on orkut or blogger ... or, I know it, know I'm going to graduate in the area right? So, who also has this yearning to be a journalist, check out post!

Above all, remember that in Brazil, since June 2009, not need the diploma college to be a journalist, I think wrong, that does not encourage education in Brazil. (See here why )



journalist is a professional who seeks, investigates and publicizes the facts of interest to the public, usually with a specific opnion, or audience, critical sense, ability expression , of Portuguese and writing skills are essential in the profession. He needs to master, too, the editing software texts and images.

Course In Journalism course are the following subjects: English, economics, communication theory, philosophy, art history and sociology. Students must submit a final paper to receive the diploma course. Already the stage, although not required, is recommended because it can open doors in the labor market.

digital multimedia communication: Create, build, deploy and take care of maintenance of websites, intranets and extranets. Write and edit newsletters and journals. Manage content on the Internet.

Areas of Journalism

digital multimedia communication : Create, build, deploy and take care of maintenance of websites, intranets and extranets. Write and edit newsletters and journals. Manage content on the Internet.

Corporate Communications: To promote contact between an organization with the press and other audiences such as employees, suppliers, customers, government entities, to disclose the name of the company, its values \u200b\u200band products. (As well as advertising)

Edition: Set the focus and size of reporting and writing the final text. On vehicles print and the Internet, select photos and illustrations that will be used. In radio and TV, and combine images or sounds on the same tape to form the final documentaries and news.

Photojournalism: Photographing real scenes, people and events to reports in newspapers, magazines or internet.

Report: Gather information and write texts for advertisement on radio, television, newspapers, magazines or internet.

A brief summary of the profession, learn more at: Student Guide and Wikipedia

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· Happy Birthday Lady GaGa!

Aiin gentee! Today is our diva, the largest pop singer who has ever had and is having Lady GaGa! I'll emotionalizing ok? "The 25 years ago, on March 28, 1986, was born a woman (man) who revulocianria music, fashion, and what we call fan: Lady GaGa is one of 25 most influential people in the world, and one of five highest paid "

not care about image quality is not ..

And on Twitter, rolling mill ta fuckin crazy and full of tags HappyBDays, trendings ta us! Ahh, Gaga wrote in a restaurant table: "Congratulations to me," hahah:

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Dinosaurs together: American creationist irrationalism is contradicted by research

The USA is one of the most scientifically advanced countries of the world where research centers, all day, make new discoveries. Paradoxically, it is also home to a Christian religion more fundamentalist, which proposes the most irrational of ideas that can be imagined. One is held by the group Answers in Genesis (Answers in Genesis): men and dinosaurs lived together in a not too distant past. Only one of their "evidence", a petroglyph made by Indians centuries ago, which seemed to represent a dinosaur, has been dropped.

More than 60 percent of people do not accept Darwin's ideas about evolution in the United States. There Christian fundamentalism is supported by the government, which frequently refers to God to justify their wars in the world. The religious group Answers in Genesis is known for proposing a literal interpretation of the Bible and say that men and dinosaurs walked together in a period could not be older than 6000 years, the time that the world exists, according to the Bible. They are responsible for administering the "Creation Museum" in Petersburg, Kentucky, a project of more than $ 27 million, where dinosaurs and men are presented in the same environment.

U.S. Creation Museum: Dinosaurs and man together

One of the "evidence" of this insane idea petroglyph was made by Indians centuries ago, an ancient cave in top of a rock formation in southern Utah, which would a putative type herbivorous dinosaur Diplodocus. The petroglyph groups had been adopted by creationists as evidence that humans coexisted with dinosaurs. The image can be found in many creationist sites and is part of an exhibition of the Creation Museum.

But this "evidence" has just been disproved by research by Phil Senter, a biology professor at Fayetteville State University and archaeologist Sally J. Cole, who published their work in Palaeontologia Electronica , a newspaper peer-reviewed online. Cole examined the drawing and stated that the rock was actually a composite of two separate pictures, one being a snake or serpent. The "legs" were actually dinosaur natural mineral or mud stains.

Left, the supposed dinosaur. At right, the design decomposed into parts

The "design dinosaur" is thus a form of "Pareidolia", ie psychological phenomenon of perceived meaning in vague or random stimulus, for example, see animals in clouds or the face of a religious figure in a food item.

Why should religious Americans believe that dinosaurs and men lived at the same time, when we know that they are separated in time by a period 60 million years? It is very simple. By interpreting the Bible literally, have to find a way to reconcile the discoveries of dinosaur fossils with more than 70 million years, with their belief that the world and man are no more than 6000 years, in a complex juggling theological. Their weak arguments realize that "the fossils do not come with labels dating" (ignoring the Carbon-14 method); claim that dinosaurs are described in the Bible, which would be the great sea monsters and humans as "Leviathan" alluded to in Job 40 and 41, and that cultures of the past feared dragons, that would be a dinosaur, and that these cultures as distant from each other as the European and Chinese could not be wrong. There is no limit to the imaginations of creationists when it comes to defending their ideas. For believers, Americans, no matter, continue to believe strongly that men and dinosaurs lived side by side a few millennia ago.

Sources:

http://news.discovery.com/dinosaurs/creationism-dinosaur-drawing-cave-110325.html # = mkcpgn rssnws1

http://carm.org/did-men-and-dinosaurs-live-together

http://revistagalileu.globo.com/Revista/Galileu/0,, EDR77424-8489, 00. html

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° # Quickies: Chris Brown and Lady GaGa Lady GaGa

Aiin gentchy first apologize for not posting for 3 days, as I am in last year's critical not only to stay in school to net Neah? A course always goes well, the trick is finding the best. Focusing: The Quickies tag will be more common than here on the blog when I get off for more than three days, Go now?

Lady GaGa will release a country version (hi?) From Born This Way, tweet went like this: "Surprise, monsters! Born This Way (The Country Road Version) will be released on Twitter tomorrow at midnight, in Pacific time. "IE, 4:00 a.m. in the morning here in Brazil.
UPDATE: Left to new version! Check it out!

The new clip GaGa, "Judas" will be directed by herself, and his recordings start next week, BTW for those who thought it would be the largest disc album, she says no, details . And GaGa also gave an interview to Google, read here .

Aii bee! The blonde alokaa Chris Brown did on the last day 22, the blonde was invited to participate in the program Good Morning America, to talk about his new album, horrible FAME, when asked about Rihanna, he said "I think it is in past in my life and I think that today is the day the album, and that's what I'm concentrating .... and not the kind of thing that happened two years ago. "When he was pro dressing room, broke the window, tore his shirt and Ching ATEE. And Rihanna only the" na na na na come on. "

VIA [ QDNG , Lady GaGa BR]

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Brazil does not have an adequate profile for the UN Security Council

Brazil, for some time, pleads for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council. He has worked behind the scenes, seeking support among allies for reform in the body and already has some sympathy, as French President Nicolas Sarkozy, and now it seems that the American President, Barak Obama. Today the country is temporary member in the caster that is between those who did not are permanent. Recently, the Council met to vote on resolution 1973, a military response against the outrages and massacres of the dictator of Libya, Muammar Gaddafi. The Brazilian representative abstained from voting. By 10 votes to 5, it was decided by the military intervention in the Arab country.

Si vis pacem

to

bellum "If you want peace, prepare for war"

Publius Flavius \u200b\u200bVegetius Renatus

;

For a country wishing to take part in decisions regarding safety the planet, wanting to be accepted as a permanent member of UN Security Council (SC), one abstention these sounds quite strange. Even more so, since the beginning of coalition attacks against Libya, Brazil has consistently condemned the military action approved by the SC. If it's against, why did not clarify its position on the ballot, saying "Brazil votes not because we do not agree with military intervention? Another curious case is the abstention of China. As a permanent member of the Council, could veto the action, but chose to vote by not voting.

UN Security Council

Dilma The president claimed that "we are a peaceful country, living in peace with its neighbors for more than one hundred years." With this mentality and empty speeches like "we support the dialogue," I do not think this country should deserve to be part of any Security Council. I contend that there are times when war is justified. The arrows shot by the Indians against the cannons of the English conquistador justified, and the armed resistance that faced the civil-military dictatorship in Brazil, for example. Likewise, I can not think anyone see the people of Libya, who struggle to overthrow a dictator for over 40 years in power, being attacked unfairly by the military forces of a tyrant and find that military aid is not justified because "we must do nothing, we are peace and love. "

Muammar el-Qaddafi, the Libyan dictator

Of course I would also like the Security Council to take the same action against Israel, for example, dealing the Palestinian people through illegal, inhumane, and then violates UN resolutions. Vetoes were not for Americans, who know ... But it's something.

If these countries that form the coalition - the U.S., France, UK, Italy, Canada, Qatar, Norway, Belgium, Denmark and Spain - have other interests, I do not know, but that's another story. The question now is what the people of Libya asks for help to ensure their safety and take the power from a bloody dictator who does not hesitate to use force against its own people to stay a little longer in power. ;

Sources

http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/internacional, international-coalition-attack-pockets-of-Qaddafi, 695197.0. htm

http://super.abril.com.br/tecnologia/conselho-seguranca-onu-446468.shtml

http://g1.globo.com/revolta-arabe/noticia/2011/03 / Brazilian-government-request-ceasefire-no-more-time-soon-to-libia.html

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° in ID Magazine and hair loss!

Lady Gaga is on the cover of ID Magazine, in the spring edition of the journal . On the cover " More clothes inside ... "(" More ...") and clothes in the name of the editing "The Exhibitionist Issue "(" The Exhibitionist Edition) brings the issue with their GaGa Horns face, or bodily distortions, one eye closed (which is standard on the cover of iD , since his name as an emoticon with a eye open and one not) the pictures were taken by Mariano Vivanco, check out:

GaGa told People Magazine, some of his tricks of beauty as it does for the Lindie get your face imperfect, also said that the diva is suffering from hair loss # die. Gentee, had opened the notebook that will give your tips GaGa:

"I sleep with makeup, 7 days a week. This is not good for your skin but I am blessed with good genes "(she was blessed, detail).

"I do not like to soak my face because this is bad for the wrinkles."

GaGa said of both dye his hair, he is beginning to fall, and he misses his hair kastanho (was Stef) she said, her biggest inspiration is Diana (she says the name of the princess in Dance in the Dark) and her mother.

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The Scientific Revolution and the four waves against religion (Part 3 / 4)

We come now in its third and penultimate part of our work into four chapters, it has shown as the Scientific Revolution helped to undermine the religious dogmas that had hitherto prevailed in the Western world as indisputable. We have spoken as Astronomy and History helped bring new light on human knowledge. Now is the time of Biology. Let us know how overwhelming a work produced in the mid-nineteenth century revolutionized our understanding of the origin of mankind. The name of the author? Charles Robert Darwin.

The remote human societies, the first tribal organizations were not able to imagine a possible rationale for their existence: for they had arms and legs, they thought, because they lived and died. The practical solution they found, was the production of myths, recounted the creation of the world and men, by superior beings, and powerful. Many of these myths have survived in time and survived. One in particular, still has millions of fans around the world: biblical creation myth.

According to this myth, originally belonging to a small town located in the region of Palestine, called Israel, but later won the world, told in their holy book, the Torah, there is one of these superior beings and powerful, acclaimed as "god" who created man "in His image and likeness", which is the apex of his creation. It says in the book:

And the Lord God formed man from the dust of the earth and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became living soul. Then the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon man, and he slept, and took him, then one of his ribs and closed up the flesh instead thereof: and the rib which the LORD God had taken, he a woman and brought her man.

Genesis 2:7, 21-22

After that Christians later pitched the Israeli holy book - calling it the Pentateuch - in their own holy book, thus forming the Bible This myth was part of the foundation of Western civilization and culture. On the basis of faith, strength, tradition, or of conformity, all believed - or claimed to believe - The creation myth of the Man, or Creationism, proposed by the Church. Until another explanation emerged, revolutionary in the nineteenth century, when it was dangerous not deviate from dogma, that would shake the religious world. This is the book's publication The Origin of Species in 1859, by Charles Robert Darwin.

Cover of the English edition of The Origin of Species

Charles Darwin was then a British naturalist who traveled the world, gathering evidence for his thesis. His ideas influence of other contemporary thinkers such as Charles Lyell and Thomas Malthus, and so he could prepare a proposal which was then known as Evolutionism. According to her, the man ceases to be the center of God's creation and becomes the product of successive stages of evolutionary improvement, from a first living single-celled to complex human being who became, with other living beings taken different paths in these developmental stages. Through Natural Selection - Darwin's another revolutionary idea - living organisms are gradually adapt to the habitat in which they live, evolving in different ways, and so we have incredible diversity of living we have today on the planet.

Charles Darwin

At first, it fell heavily to combat religious ideas of Darwin . Today, more than 150 years of publishing the book, we can identify two different positions: first, the attempt to reconcile Darwinian ideas to the teaching of Creationism, as did the Vatican recently, claiming that "there is no conflict between faith and Evolutionism"; another is more identified with North American Protestantism, which interprets the Bible literally and ridicules evolutionary theory and its creator, Charles Darwin.

do not intend to delve into the debate about the ideas of creationists and evolutionists, who had since taking over the scene. I just want to make clear that religious ideas, regarded as certain and incontestable, like the idea of \u200b\u200bcreation of man, was deeply shaken by subsequent evidence to the theory of evolution has brought about the emergence of Man. Later these ideas were refined and supplemented by new discoveries - such as the fossils of human ancestors, something that Darwin did not know when he wrote his book - and since then has religious trying to adapt their beliefs (which I think intellectual dishonesty) to new scientific findings or fight them strongly. Are ways to save religion from the wreckage caused by the fourth wave that shook the religious doctrine: the evolutionary biology of Charles Darwin.

Sources:

http : / / www.historia.uff.br / ne / sites / default / files / A_teoria_evolucionista_de_Darwin.pdf

http://www.historia.uff.br/nec/sites/default/files/A_teoria_evolucionista_de_Darwin.pdf

http://www.renascebrasil.com.br/f_criador3.htm