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The Scientific Revolution and the four waves against religion (Part 4 / 4) Men and

We have now reached the last part of the series The Scientific Revolution and the four waves against religion, which is showing as the gradual development of scientific knowledge, from the Renaissance, helped combat superstition of religious explanations for the phenomena of the world. Until now show how thinkers Baruch Spinoza, Nicolaus Copernicus and Charles Darwin shook the structures of the Church with their revolutionary work in their respective areas of History, Astronomy and Biology. Now is the time of Psychology, the latest wave in the bursting strong anti-religious in the late nineteenth century.

Medicine is a very ancient practice among us. There are many people traditionally recognized for their skills in the treatment of certain physical problems, including minor surgical procedures - the case of Egyptians, Jews and Arabs, for example, which has long practiced the art of healing. But curiously, there never was an interest - or a greater ability - to understand the workings of the most complex region of the human body - the brain - without associating it with some mystical supernatural power.

Ancient Medicine Egípicia

Regarding problems with the brain and mind, we can identify some attitudes in people's past, like the Romans, for example. While children with mental illness (or physical) were consistently rejected by their parents and the state, a degree of ecstasy and hysteria was admitted, since it was related to the ritual performances that honored pagan gods such as Bacus, for example.

With the advent of Christianity, the Middle Ages to see a major change in these paradigms. It was no longer allowed any manifestation public hysteria or trance in honor of the gods, and were diagnosed as individual possessions, as well as any behavior outside the standards. In 1614 there is the ecclesiastic work Rituale Romanum containing exorcism rituals to ward off demons and spirits alleged that disturb people. The practice of exorcism has become commonplace and the firm entered the twentieth century. Even today there are priests that advocate and practice it. But if these medieval practices have been discredited today, owes much to a new scientific approach of human mental and behavioral problems that arose in the late nineteenth century: a Psychology.

One of the greatest exponents of this new discipline, Sigmund Freud (pictured left), founded a field of theoretical research and clinical psychology, psychoanalysis call. Viennese physician, was born in Freiberg, Moravia (or Pribor, Czech Republic) on May 6, 1856. Through their work, behavior problems that were observed by the Church's spiritual perspective, now treated as part of the unconscious, the mental. The new explanations Freud revolutionized our understanding of human behavior. Tables of mental disorders that were previously unknown to the clergy, and therefore treated as susceptible to demonic possession exorcism, were now diagnosed as psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, schizophrenia, etc.. The church, which for centuries exorcised and eliminated thousands of people unnecessarily supposedly possessed, which were used to feed the fear and religious fantasy, once again was forced to give way to science, and now no longer practices exorcism advocates as before . But it still was not all. This was not enough blow to the religious obscurantism, even in 1928 Freud writes " The Future of an Illusion ," a work in combating the dogmas of religion as the cause of obsessional neurosis of humanity. In excerpt of his work, he says:

[...] the human child can not successfully complete its development to the civilized stage without passing through a phase of neurosis sometimes more distinct, others less. This is because many instinctual demands which will later be useless can not be repressed by the rational functioning of the intellect of the child, but must be tamed through acts of repression, behind which, as a rule, if think the reason for anxiety. [...] exactly the same way, we can assume, humanity as a whole, its development through the ages, fell into states analogous to the neuroses, and that the same reasons - mainly because in times of ignorance and intellectual weakness the instinctual renunciations indispensable to the existence of communal man had only been achieved by the human forces of purely emotional. [...] Thus, religion would be the universal obsessional neurosis of humanity, like the obsessional neurosis of children, she emerged from the Oedipus complex, relationship with his father. To be correct on this definition, the removal of religion is bound to occur with the fatal inevitability of a growth process, and we are exactly at this juncture in the middle of this phase of development

Religion would thus be a similar stage of childhood and we would be in the middle of transition from the stage of human ignorance and naivete, and an era of greater knowledge. Thus, Freud joins other great thinkers who fought the religion and took him much of the power based on obscurantism. Psychology is thus the fourth and final wave, which helped counter the absolute superstition of the Church, which for centuries on end dictated the rules of our society.

1. The Scientific Revolution and the four waves against religion (history)
2. The Scientific Revolution and the four waves against religion (the Astronomy)
3. The Scientific Revolution and the four waves against religion (Biology)
4. The Scientific Revolution and the four waves against religion (Psychology)

Sources:

http://www.psicologaonline.com.br/artigos-cientificos/psicologia-e-religiao-o-papel-da-religiao-na-vida-psiquica-dos-individuos/

http://www.filosofiaesoterica.com/ler.php?id=818

http://www.cepdepa.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id = 12